Gender and Language Research Group Department of Linguistics and English Language Lancaster University

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Edited Collections and Selected Monographs Specific Genres (1) Academic Discourse and Writing (2) Advertisements (a) General Ads (b) Personal Ads (b-1) Lonely Hearts Columns (b-2) Valentine-type Message (c) Employment Ads (3) Autobiography (4) Business/Management Discourse (5) Cartoons (6) Comics (7) Diaries (8) Dictionaries (9) Graffiti (10) Greetings Cards (11) Harassment and Assault (12) Jokes/Joke-telling/Comedy/Humour (13) Legal/ Judicial Discourse (14) Letters (15) Literary genres (a) Children’s Literature (b) Fiction (c) Play Scripts/Drama (d) Poetry (e) Narratives (written) (16) Magazines (a) General (b) Women’s Magazines (c) Men’s Magazines (d) Parenting Magazines (e) Teenage Magazines (17) Manuals/Self-help Books/Leaflets/Brochures (18) Mass Media (19) Mediated Communication (a) Computer Mediated Communication (b) Telephone Mediated Communication (20) News Reports (21) Political Discourse (22) Posters (23) Problem Pages/Agony Aunts (24) Proverbs/Idioms (25) Songs (26) Talk: Workplace (a) General Workplace talk (b) Courtroom Talk (c) Doctor-Patient Talk (d) Interviews (e) Meetings (f) Law enforcement/Police Officers Talk (27) Talk: Public (a) General (b) Classroom Talk (c) Conferences (28) Talk: Private/Conversations (a) Children’s Talk (b) Complaining (c) Gossip (d) Narratives (oral)/Storytelling (e) Parent-child talk (f) Single-sex talk: women and girls (g) Single-sex talk: men and boys (h) Mixed-sex talk (29) Talk: Sexuality (30) Tests (educational) (31) Texts (a) General (b) Erotic Texts (c) Religious Texts (d) Medical and Psychiatric Texts (32) Textbooks (a) General (b) Grammar Books (c) Language Textbooks (33) Travel Guides/Accounts (34) TV Programmes (a) Chatshows (b) Widlife Programmes (35) Visual Arts Edited Collections and Selected Monographs Bergvall, V., Bing, J. and Freed, A. (eds) (1996) Rethinking Language and Gender Research. London: Longman. Bull, T. and Swan, T. (eds) (1992) Language, Sex and Society. Berlin: De Gruyter. Cameron, Deborah (ed) (1998) The Feminist Critique of Language (2nd ed.) London: Routledge. Cheshire, J. and Trudgill, P. (eds) (1998) The Sociolinguistics Reader: vol. 2: gender and discourse. London: Arnold. Coates, J. (1993) Women, Men and Language: a sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language (2nd ed.) Longman. Coates, J. (ed) (1998) Language and Gender: a reader. Oxford: Blackwell. Coates, J. and Cameron, D. (eds) (1988) Women in their Speech Communities. London: Longman. Cameron, D. (2006) On Language and Sexual Politics. Abingdon: Routledge. [a collection of some of her writings.] Cameron, D. and Kulick, D. (eds) (2006) The Language and Sexuality Reader. London: Routledge. Cameron, D. and Kulick, D. (eds) (2003) Language and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Crawford, M. (1995) Talking Difference: on gender and language. London: Sage. Hall, K. and Bucholtz, M. (eds) (1995) Gender Articulated: language and the socially constructed self. New York: Routledge. Harvey, K. and Shalom, C. (eds) (1997) Language and Desire: encoding sex, romance and intimacy. London: Routledge. Holmes, J. (1992) ‘Language and gender: a state-of-the-art survey article’, in Language Teaching, 24 (4): 207-20. Johnson, S. and Meinhof, U. H. (eds) (1997) Language and Masculinity. Oxford: Blackwell. Kotthoff, H. and Wodak, R. (eds) (1997) Communicating Gender in Context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Kramarae, C. (1981) Women and Men Speaking. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House. Litosseliti, L. and Sunderland, J. (eds.) (2002) Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. McConnell-Ginet, S., Borker, R. and Furman, N. (eds) (1980) Women and Language in Literature and Society. New York: Praeger Publishers. Mills, Sara (ed) (1994) Gendering the Reader. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Mills, Sara (ed) (1995) Language and Gender: interdisciplinary perspectives. London: Longman. Pichler, Pia and Eppler, Eva (eds.) (2009) Gender and Spoken Interaction. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Romaine, S. (1999) Communicating Gender. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Spender, D. (1990) Man Made Language (2nd ed.) London: Pandora. Steedman, C., Urwin, C. and Walkerdine, V. (eds) (1985) Language, Gender and Childhood. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Talbot, M. M. (2010) Language and Gender: an introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press. (2^nd edn.) Tannen, D. (ed) (1993) Gender and Conversational Interaction. New York: Oxford U.P. Thorne, B. and Henley, N. (eds) (1975) Language and Sex: difference and dominance. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House. Thorne, B., Kramarae, C. and Henley, N. (eds) (1983) Language, Gender and Society. Rowley. Mass: Newbury House. Vetterling-Braggin, Mary (ed) (1981) Sexist Language. Totowa, N.J.: Littlefield, Adams. Wilkinson, Sue and Kitzinger, C. (eds.) (1995) Feminism and Discourse: Psychological Perspectives. London: Sage. Wodak, R. (ed) (1997) Gender and Discourse. London: Sage. (1) Academic Discourse and Writing Allison, Elizabeth (1993) ‘Sociocomposition: academic discourse and the culture of exclusion.’ Ph.D. thesis, University of South Florida. Benwell, B.M., & Stokoe, E.H. (2004). ‘University students resisting academic identity’. In P. Seedhouse & K. Richards (Eds.), Applying conversation analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Cole, Caroline Marie (1997) ‘Woman, feminist, lesbian: negotiated identities in working with man made academic discourse conventions.’ Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Comfort, Juanita Rodgers (1995) ‘Negotiating identity in academic writing experiences of African-American women doctoral students.’ Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University. Davies, B. (1996) ‘Feminist thought: desire, power and academic discourse’, in Symbolic Interaction, 19 (2): 167-70. Doherty, Patricia Brewer (1997) ‘Constructing our lives as women writers and teachers: a dialogic case study.’ Ph.D. thesis, New York University. Donnelly, Sally C. (1985) ‘An analysis of themes related to gender identity, social role, and achievement for women writing a doctoral dissertation.’ Ph.D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh. Gannett, Cinthia (1992) Gender and the Journal: Diaries and Academic Discourse. Albany: SUNY Hiatt, M. (1977) The Way Women Write. New York: Teachers’ College Press. Hodgdon, Amy (1995) ‘Telling stories: what it means to a woman to be a writer in the academy.’ Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Lillis, T. (1998) ‘Making meaning in academic writing: mature women students in higher education.’ Ph.D. thesis, Sheffield Hallam University. Morley, L. (1995) ‘An agenda for gender: women in the university’, in European Journal of Women’s Studies, 2 (2): 271-76. Rothenberg, P. (Winter, 1994) ‘Book review of Statham, A. et al. (1991) Gender and University Teaching: a negotiated difference’, in Signs, 19 (2): 559-63. Smoke, Trudy (1991) ‘Becoming an academic insider: one student’s experience of attaining academic success in college.’ Ph.D. thesis, New York University. Stapleton, K. (2001) 'Constructing a feminist identity: Discourse and the community of practice'. Feminism and Psychology 11 (4) 459-91. Stokoe, Elizabeth. (1998) ‘Talking about gender: the conversational construction of gender categories in academic discourse’, in Discourse and Society, 9 (2): 217-40. Stokoe, Elizabeth (2001) ‘Making gender relevant: conversation analysis and gender categories in interaction.’ Discourse and Society, 12 (2). Thonus, T. (1999) ‘Dominance in academic writing tutorials: gender, language proficiency and the offering of suggestions.’ Discourse and Society, 10 (2). Union, Marilyn Vogler (1998) ‘Becoming most fully ourselves: gender, voice and ritual in dissertations.’ PhD thesis [?] Michigan Technological University. Ussher, J. M. (1996) ‘Female sexuality is irrevocably linked to the construction of “Woman” in both popular and academic discourse’, in International Journal of Psychology, 31 (3-4): 2361. (2) Advertisements (a) General Ads ‘Why perfume ads stink’: 16-17. The Guardian 1986, April 1. Entwistle, Joanne (1997) ‘“Power dressing” and the construction of the career woman’, in Nava, M. et al. (eds) Buy this Book. Routledge. Goffman, E. (1976) Gender Advertisements. London: Macmillan. Goldman, R. (1992) Ch. 6 ‘Commodity feminism’, in Reading Ads Socially. Routledge. Jobling, Paul (1997) ‘Keeping Mrs Dawson busy: safe sex, gender and pleasure in condom advertising since 1970’, in Nava, M. et al. (eds) Buy this Book. Routledge. Jones, R.H. (1997) ‘Marketing the damaged self: the construction of identity in advertisements directed towards people with HIV/AIDS’ Journal of Sociolinguistics 1, 3. Lazar, M. (1993) ‘Equalising gender relations: a case of double-talk’, in Discourse and Society, 4 (4): 443-65. Lazar, M. (2000) ‘Gender, discourse and semiotics: the politics of parenthood representations.’ Discourse and Society, 11 (3): 373-400. Munshi, S. (1997) ‘ ‘Women of substance’: Commodification and fetishization in contemporary advertising within the Indian ‘urbanscape’, in Social Semiotics 7(1): 37-51. Myers, G. (1994) Words in Ads. Edward Arnold. Myers, G. (1998) Ad Worlds: Brands, Media, Audiences. London: Arnold. Nixon, Sean (1997) ‘Advertising executives as modern men: masculinity and the UK advertising industry in the 1980s’, in Nava, M. et al. (eds) Buy this Book. Routledge. Romaine, S. (1999) Ch. 9 ‘Advertising gender’, in Communicating Gender: 251-89. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Stern, B. B., & Holbrook, M. B. (1994). ‘Gender and genre in the interpretation of advertising text.’ In Janeen Arnold Costa (ed.), Gender issues and consumer behavior. (pp. 11-41). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Talbot, M. (1990) ‘Language, intertextuality and subjectivity: voices in the construction of consumer femininity.’ Ph.D. thesis, Lancaster University. Talbot, M (2000) ‘Strange bedfellows: feminism in advertising’. In Andrews and Talbot (eds.) ‘All the world and her husband’: Women in 20c Consumer Culture London: Cassell. Talbot, M (2000) ‘‘It’s good to talk’?: The undermining of feminism in a British Telecom advertisement.’ Journal of Sociolinguistics 4, 1: 108-19. Thornborrow, Joanna (1994) ‘The woman, the man and the filofax: gender positions in advertising’, in Mills, S. (ed). Thornborrow, Joanna (1998) ‘Playing hard to get: metaphor and representation in the discourse of car advertisements’, in Language and Literature, 7(3): 254 – 272. Van Aertselaer, Joanne N. (1995) ‘Social change, advertising and gender relations in post-Franco Spain’, in Working Papers on Language, Gender and Sexism, 5 (2). Vestergaard, T. and Schroeder, K. (1985) The Language of Advertising. Oxford: Blackwell. (Chs. 4, 5, 6). Wicomb, Z. (1994) ‘Motherhood and the surrogate reader: Race, gender and interpretation’, in Mills, S. (ed.) Gendering the Reader. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Williamson, J. (1978) Decoding Advertisements. London: Marion Boyers. Winship, J. (1980) ‘Advertising in women’s magazines: 1956-74.’ Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Occasional Papers in the Women’s Series: SP. no. 59. (b) Personal Ads (b-1) Lonely Hearts Columns Davidson, Alan G. (1991) ‘Looking for Love in the Age of AIDS: The Language of Gay Personals, 1978-1988.’ The Journal of Sex Research 28.1:125-137. Deaux, K. and R. Hanna. (1984) ‘Courtship in the Personals Column: The Influence of Gender and Sexual Orientation.’ Sex Roles 11:363-375. Hogben, S. & Coupland, J. (2000) ‘Egg seeks sperm. End of story? : Articulating gay parenting in small ads for reproductive partners.’ Discourse and Society, 11 (4): 459-486. Laner, M.R. and G.W.L. Kamel. (1977) ‘Media Mating I: Newspaper ‘Personals’ Ads of Homosexual Men.’ Journal of Homosexuality 3:149-162. Livia, A. (2002). ‘Camionneuses s’abstenir: Lesbian Community Creation Through The Personals’. In Campbell-Kibler, K. et al (eds.) pp 191-206. Marko, Georg (1999) ‘“For clean and discreet adult fun”: the metatheory of a social constructionist analysis of sexuality in personal ads’, in Crossing Borders (1999): 269-284. Mills, Sara (1998) ‘Post-feminist Text Analysis.’ Language and Literature 7(3), 235-253. Pearce, L. & Stacey, J. (eds.) (1995) Romance revisited. New York, New York University Press. Shalom, C. (1997) ‘That great supermarket of desire: attributes of the desired other in personal advertisements’, in Harvey, K. and Shalom, C. (eds). Thorne, A. & Coupland, J. (1998) ‘Articulations of same-sex desire: lesbian and gay male dating advertisements’ Journal of Sociolinguistics 2,2. (b-2) Valentine-type Message Langford, W. (1997) ‘“Bunnikins, I love you snugly in your warren”: voices from subterranean cultures of love’, in Harvey, K. and Shalom, C. (eds). (c) Employment Ads Conrick, Maeve (2004) 'Linguistic Leadership: the role of Québec French in "la féminisation linguistique"', in Morgan, C., (ed.) in Focus on Québec, British Association of Canadian Studies: Groupe de recherches sur le Canada français. Conrick, Maeve (2000) 'The Feminisation Process in Francophone Countries: principle and practice' in International Journal of Francophone Studies, 3 (2), pp. 89-105. Conrick Maeve (1998) 'Linguistic perspectives on the feminisation of professional titles in Canadian French'. British Journal of Canadian Studies, 13 (1), pp.164-180. (3) Autobiography Anderson, K. and Jack, D. (1991) ‘Learning to listen: interview techniques and analysis’, in Gluck, S. and Patai, D. (eds) Women’s Words: the feminist practice of oral history. London: Routledge. Benstock, S. (ed) (1988) The Private Self: theory and practice of women’s autobiographical writings. London: Routledge. Brereton, B. (1998) ‘Gendered testimonies: autobiographies, diaries and letters by women as sources for Carribean history’, in Feminist Review, 59: 143-63. Brodzki, B. and Schenck, C. (eds) (1988) Life/Lines: theorising women’s autobiography. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Broughton, T. (1999) Men of Letters, Writing Lives: literary masculinity and auto/biography in the Late Victorian Period. London: Routledge. Canning, K. (1994) ‘Feminist history after the linguistic turn: historicizing discourse and experience’, in Signs: Journal of Women In Culture and Society, 19 (2). Carroll, B. (ed) (1976) Liberating Women’s History. Theoretical and Critical Essays. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Chamberlain, M. (1975) Femwomen: a portrait of women in an English village. London: Virago. Chanfrault-Duchet, M. (1991) ‘Narrative structures, social models, and symbolic representations in the life story’, in Gluck, S. and Patai, D. (eds) Women’s Words: the feminist practice of oral history. London: Routledge. Davies, B. (1992) ‘Women’s subjectivity and feminist stories’, in Ellis, C. and Flaherty, M. (eds) Investigating Subjectivity. Research on Lived Experience. London: Sage. Dawson, G. (1994) Soldier Heroes, British Adventure, Empire and the Imagining of Masculinities, London: Routledge. Etter-Lewis, G. (1991) ‘Black women’s life stories: reclaiming self in narrative texts’, in Gluck, S. and Patai, D. (eds) Women’s Words: the feminist practice of oral history. London: Routledge. Etter-Lewis, G. and Foster, M. (1996) Unrelated Kin: race and gender in women’s personal narratives. London: Routledge. Fivush, R. (1998) ‘The stories we tell: how language shapes autobiography’, in Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12 (5): 483-87. Fonow, M. and Cook, J. (1991) Beyond Methodology: feminist scholarship as lived research. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Freidman, S. S. (1988) “Woman’s Autobiographical Selves: Theory and Practice”, in Benstock, S. (ed.) The Private Self: Theory and Practice in Women’s Autobiographical Writings Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Fuss, D. (1989) Essentially Speaking: feminism, nature and difference. London: Routledge. Gilmore, L. (1994) Autobiographics: a feminist theory of women’s self-representation. New York and London: Cornell University Press. Gluck, S. B. and Patai, D. (eds) (1991) Women’s Words: the feminist practice of oral history. London: Routledge. Graham, E., Hinds, H., Hobby, E. and Wilcox, H. (eds) (1989) Her Own Life: autobiographical writings by Seventeenth-Century Englishwomen. London: Routledge. Haraway, D. (1991) Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the reinvention of nature. London: Free Association Books. Jelinek, E. (ed) (1980) Women’s Autobiography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Jones, A. R. (1985) “Writing the Body: Toward an Understanding of L’Ecriture Feminine” In Showalter, E. (ed.) The New Feminist Criticism, Essays on Women, Literature, Theory. New York: Pantheon. Kuhn, A. (1995) Family Secrets: acts of memory and imagination. London and New York: Verso. Marcus, L. (1994) Auto/Biographical Discourses. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. Minister, K. (1991) ‘A feminist frame for the oral history interview’, in Gluck, S. and Patai, D. (eds) Women’s Words: the feminist practice of oral history. London: Routledge. Ochs, E. and Capps, L. (1996) ‘Narrating the self’, in Annual Review of Anthropology, 25: 19-43. Olney J. (ed.) (1980) Autobiography: Essays Theoretical and Critical. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Olney J. (1972) Metaphors of Self: The Meaning of Autobiography. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Personal Narratives Group (eds) (1989) Interpreting Women’s Lives: feminist theory and personal narratives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Phelan, P. (1997) Mourning Sex: performing public memories. New York and London: Routledge. Probyn, E. (1993) Sexing the Self: gendered positions in cultural studies. London and New York: Routledge. Roberts, E. (1984) A Woman’s Place, an Oral History of Working-Class Women 1890-1940. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Smith, S. and Watson, J. (eds) (1996) Getting a Life: everyday uses of autobiography. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press. Smith, S. and Watson, J. (eds) (1998) Women, Autobiography, Theory: a reader. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. Stanton, D. (ed) (1987) The Female Autograph: theory and practice of autobiography from the Tenth to the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Summerfield, P. (1998) Reconstructing Women’s Wartime Lives. Manchester: Manchester University Press. (4) Business/Management Discourse Baxter, J. (2003) ‘The Management team Study’. In Positioning Gender in Discourse: A Feminist Methodology, Basingstoke: Palgrave Baxter, J. (in press) ‘Putting Gender in its Place: constructing speaker identities in management meetings’. In M. Barrett & M.J. Davidson (eds) Gender and Communication Issues at Work, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Davidson, Marilyn & Ronald Burke (1994) ‘Introduction: Women in management: current research issues’. In Marilyn Davidson & Ronald Burke (eds.) Women in Management: Current Research Issues. London: Paul Chapman. Koller, Veronika (2004) Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse: a Critical Cognitive Study. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Koller, Veronika (2004) "Businesswomen and war metaphors: 'Possessive, jealous and pugnacious'?", Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8.1, 3-22. Koller, Veronika (2002) "'A Shotgun Wedding': co-occurence of war and marriage metaphors in mergers and acquisitions discourse." Metaphor and Symbol, 17.3, 179-203. Mullany, Louise (2004). ‘Gender, politeness and institutional power roles: humour as a tactic to gain compliance in workplace business meetings’. Multilingua, 23 (1/2): 13-37. Mullany, J. Louise (2003) ‘Identity and role construction: a sociolinguistic study of gender and discourse in management’. PhD thesis, Nottingham Trent University. Mullany, Louise (2000) ‘The application of current language and gender theory to managerial meeting discourse’. Nottingham Linguistic Circular 15 Smithson, J., & Stokoe, E.H. (2005) ‘Discourses of work-life balance: Negotiating “genderblind” terms in organizations’. Gender, Work & Organization, 12 (2), 147-168. Swan S. E. (2005) 'On bodies, rhinestones and pleasures: women teaching managers', Journal of Management Learning, vol 36(3) (5) Cartoons Bendler, D. D. (1974) ‘The female in cartoonland: a content analysis of sex-role models in Saturday morning cartoon programs.’ Ph.D. thesis, Ohio University. Carstens Wickham, B. (Spring 1998) ‘Gender in cartoons of German unification’, in Journal of Women’s History, 10 (1): 127-56. Doyle, Patricia R. (1987) ‘Effect of gender, sex role, aggression, and socioeconomic status on cartoon humor perception of male and female college students.’ Ph.D. thesis, Hofstra University, USA. Furman, Suzanne N. (1995) ‘Exploration of gender, attitudes toward women, and anger in perception of gender-typed humor.’ Ph.D. thesis, University of South Florida. Gilmartin, P. and Brunn, S. D. (1998) ‘The representation of women in political cartoons of the 1995 World Conference on Women’, in Women’s Studies International Forum, 21 (5): 535-49. Haley, Elizabeth A. (1997) ‘“But it doesn’t mean anything, it’s just a cartoon”: cartoons as primes for stereotypes of women in the workplace.’ M.A. dissertation, Rice University, USA. Miller, E. (1996) ‘Engendering Hillary: Editorial cartoon frame-ups’, in Warner, N. et al. (eds.) Gender and Belief Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Women and Language Conference. University of California: Berkeley Women and Language Group. Thompson, T.L and E. Zerbinos (1997) ‘Television cartoons: Do children notice it’s a boy’s world?’ in Sex Roles 37(5/6): 415-432. (6) Comics Tsurumi, M (1997) ‘Gender and girls’ comics in Japan’, in Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29(2): 46-55. (7) Diaries Brereton, B. (1998) ‘Gendered testimonies: autobiographies, diaries and letters by women as sources for Carribean history’, in Feminist review, 59: 143-163. (8) Dictionaries Ball, Matthew (1997) ‘Le dictionnaire et l'idéologie dominante: le portrait des groupes marginaux’, in Actes du Colloque: problèmes et méthodes de la lexicographie québécoise, 65e Congrès de l'Acfas, 13 et 14 mai, 1997. Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières. This paper is available at: http://balzac.sti.uottawa.ca/articles/matt_acfas.htm. Ball, Matthew (1998) ‘Dictionaries and ideology: the treatment of gays, lesbians and bisexuals in lexicographic works.’ M.A. dissertation, University of Ottawa. Bardis, Panos A. (1980) ‘A glossary of homosexuality’, in Maledicta, 4: 59-64. Bramlett, Frank (1997) ‘The concept of the self and the lexicon: language in and about gay communities’, in Working Papers in Discourse Studies: Language, Gender, and Culture, 1 (1): 1-10. Braun, Virginia and Kitzinger, Celia (2001) ‘Telling it straight? Dictionary definitions of women's genitals’, 1989-1998, Journal of Sociolinguistics 5(2): 214-232 Cameron, D. (1990) ‘Words on a feminist dictionary’, in The Feminist Critique of Language. London: Routledge. Castelo, Hernan Rodriguez (1979) Lexico Sexual Ecuatoriano y Latinoamericano. Quito: Libri Mundi: 321-347. Castro, Sebastian (1995) Das Schwule Lexikon. Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn Cerezal, Fernando (1994) ‘Lenguaje y discriminación genérica en libros de texto de inglés’, in Miscelánea, 10. Cory, Donald Webster and LeRoy, J. P. (1963) ‘A lexicon of homosexual slang’, in The Homosexual and his Society. New York: Citadel Press. Courouve, Claude (1985) Vocabulaire de l’Homosexualite’ Masculine. Paris: Payot: 248. Forgas Berdet, Esther (1986) ‘Sexo y sociedad en el último DRAE’, in Universitas Tarraconensis, 10: 79-100. Garcia Meseguer, Alvaro (1993) ‘Género y sexo en el nuevo diccionario de la real academia’, in Política científica, 37: 51-56 Graham, Alma (1975) ‘The making of a nonsexist dictionary’, in Thorne, B. and Henley, N. (eds). Hennessy, Margaret (1994) ‘Propagating half a species: gender in learners’ dictionaries’, in Sunderland, J. (ed) Exploring Gender: questions and implications for English Language Education. Prentice Hall. Hoey, M. (1996) ‘A clause-relational analysis of selected dictionary entries: contrast and compatibility in the definitions of “man” and “woman”’, in Caldas-Coulthard, C. R. and Coulthard, M. (eds) Texts and Practices. Routledge. Kaye, P. (1989) ‘“Women are alcoholics and drug addicts”, says dictionary’, in ELT Journal, 43 (3): 192-5. Marco, Aurora (1996) ‘Estereotipos de género en el diccionario de la lengua Española’, in Marco, A. (eds) Estudios sobre Mujer, Lengua y Literatura: 87-111. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria/Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servicio de Publicaións da Universidade de Santiago. Moreton, D. (1993) ‘Sexism in monolingual learners’ dictionaries.’ M.A. dissertation, Lancaster University. Romaine, S. (1999) ‘From Dictionaries to Dick-tionaries: Websters Old and New’. Communicating Gender: 293-97. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Sau, V. (1981) Diccionario Idelológico Feminista. Barcelona: Icaria. Vargas, Ana et al. (1999) Lo Femenino y lo Masculino en el Diccionario de la Lengua de la Real Academia Española. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. Instituto de la Mujer. (9) Graffiti Moonwoman, B. (1995) ‘The writing on the wall: a border case of race and gender’, in Hall, K. and Bucholtz, M. (eds). (10) Greetings Cards Hobson, J (2000) ‘Non-occasion greetings cards and the commodification of relationships’. In Andrews, M and Talbot, MM (eds.) 'All the world and her husband': Women in 20c consumer culture. London: Cassell. (11) Harassment and Assault Adams, P., Towns, A. and Gavey, N. (1995) ‘Dominance and entitlement: the rhetoric men use to discuss their violence towards women.’ Discourse and society 6 (3): 387-406. Aviel, R (1998) ‘Insidious misinterpretations: The discourse of male and female communication in acquaintance rape trials’, in Wertheim, S. et al. (eds.) Engendering Communication: Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Women and Language Conference. University of California: Berkeley Women and Language Group. Bing, J. M. & Lombardo, L. X. (1997) ‘Talking past each other about sexual harassment: an exploration of frames for understanding.’ Discourse and Society, 8 (3) 293-312. Christie, Christine (1998) ‘Rewriting rights: a relevance theoretical analysis of press constructions of sexual harassment and the responses of readers’, in Language and Literature, 7 (3). Cotterill, J. (2001) ‘Domestic discord, rocky relationships – semantic prosodies in representations of marital violence in the O. J. Simpson trial.’ Discourse and Society, 12 (3): 291-312. Curtis, J. (1996) ‘ “He sorta raped her”: Hedging and re-education for batterers’, in Warner, N. et al. (eds.) Gender and Belief Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Women and Language Conference. University of California: Berkeley Women and Language Group. Ehrlich, S. (2001) Representing Rape: Language and Sexual Consent. London: Routledge Ehrlich, S. (1998) ‘The discursive reconstruction of sexual assault.’ Discourse and Society, 9 (2): 149-172. Ehrlich, S. (1999) ‘Communities of practice, gender and the representation of sexual assault.’ Language in Society 28 (2): 239-256. Ehrlich, S. and S. Levesque (1996) ‘Discursive practices, point of view of the representation of sexual harassment’, Warner, N. et al. (eds.) Gender and Belief Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Women and Language Conference. University of California: Berkeley Women and Language Group. Kitzinger, C. (1999) ‘Just say no? The use of conversation analysis in developing a feminist perspective on sexual refusal.’ Discourse and Society, 10 (3): 293-316. Kitzinger, C. and A. Thomas (1995) ‘Sexual harassment: A discursive approach’, in Wilkinson, S. and C. Kitzinger (eds.) Feminism and Discourse: Psychological Perspectives. London: Sage. Levesque, S. and S. Ehrlich (1998) ‘Male perpetrators/male victims: Exceptional representations of sexual assault’ in Wertheim, S. et al. (eds.) Engendering Communication: Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Women and Language Conference. University of California: Berkeley Women and Language Group. (11) Horoscopes Evans, W. (1996) ‘Divining the social order: class, gender and magazine astrology’, in Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 73 (2): 389-400. McCracken, E. (1993) Decoding Women’s Magazines: from Mademoiselle to Ms. The MacMillan Press Ltd. Winship, J. (1987) Inside Women’s Magazines. Pandora Press. (12) Jokes/Joke-telling/Comedy/Humour Liladhar, J. (1998) ‘She’s a funny woman: Women, language and comedy.’ In Sunderland, J & Johnson, S. 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Leap (ed.), Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: Authenticity, Imagination and Appropriation in Lesbian and Gay Languages. New York: Gordon and Breach Press, 235-248. Morrish, L. (2002) ‘The case of the indefinite pronoun: Discourse and the concealment of lesbian identity in the class.’ In Litosseliti, L. and Sunderland, J. (eds) Gender identity and discourse analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Murray, Stephen O. (1979) ‘The art of gay insulting.’ Anthropological Linguistics, 21: 211-223. Niemoeller, A.F. (1965) ‘A Glossary of Homosexual Slang.’ Fact 2:1. Ogawa, N. and J. S. Shibamoto Smith (1997) ‘The Gender of the Gay Male Sex Class: A Preliminary Case Study Based on Rasen no Sobyô’. Livia, A. and K. Hall (eds). Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality: 402-415. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. Ostrom, Aaron Bruce W. (1983) ‘A Study of Lexical Items in the Gay Subculture.’ In Jerold A. Edmondson (ed.), Research Papers of the Texas SIL: Pilot Studies in Sociolinguistics: Variation, Use, and Attitudes. Dallas: SIL, 72-87. Painter, Dorothy S. (1980) ‘Lesbian Humor as a Normalization Device.’ In Cynthia L. Berryman and Virginia A. Eman (eds.), Communication, Language and Sex. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, Inc, 135-148. Podesva, R., Roberts, S. J. & Campbell-Kibler, K. (2002) ‘Sharing Resources and Indexing Meanings in the Production of Gay Styles’ In Campbell-Kibler, K. et al (eds), pp 175-190. Queen, Robin M. (1997). ‘‘I Don't Speak Spritch’: Locating Lesbian Language.’ In Anna Livia and Kira Hall (eds.), Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press. Rudes, Blair A. and Bernard Healy. (1979) ‘‘Is She for Real?’: The Concepts of Femaleness and Maleness in the Gay World.’ In Madeleine Mathiot (ed.), Ethnolinguistics: Boas, Sapir and Whorf Revisited. The Hague: Mouton. 49-61. Rudner, William A. and Rochelle Butowsky. (1981) ‘Signs Used in the Deaf Gay Community.’ Sign Language Studies 30:36-48. Shapiro, Michael. (1990) ‘Gays and Lesbians.’ American Speech 65:191-192. Shibamoto, J. S. (1986) Japanese Women's Language: As Spoken by Women, As Spoken by Men. Proceedings of the First Berkeley Women and Language Conference:171-182. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Women and Language Group/Linguistics Department. Shibamoto Smith, Janet S. (2002) Kotoba ni yoru sekushuariti no kôchiku 'The linguistic construction of sexuality'. Gekkan Gengo, Tokushû: Gengo no jendâ sutadîzu 'Language, Special Topic Issue: Language and Gender Studies' 31(2): 68-69. Simes, Gary. (1992) ‘The Language of Homosexuality in Australia.’ In R. Aldrich and G. Wotherspoon (eds.), Gay Perspectives: Essays in Australian Gay Culture. Sydney: Department of Economic History, University of Sydney, 31-58. Sonenschein, David. (1969) ‘The Homosexual's Language.’ The Journal of Sex Research, 5: 281-91. Stanley, Julia Penelope. (1970) ‘Homosexual Slang.’ American Speech, 45 (1-2): 45-59. Taub, Diane and Robert G. Leger. (1984) ‘Argot and the Creation of Social Types in a Young Gay Community.’ Human Relations 37: 181-189. Taylor, Ben. (1996) ‘Gay Men, Femininity, and /t/ in New Zealand English.’ In Janet Holmes (ed.), Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 8: 70-92. Webbink, Patricia. (1981) ‘Nonverbal Behavior and Lesbian/Gay Orientation.’ In Clara Mayo and Nancy Henley (eds.), Gender and Non-Verbal Behavior. New York: Springer, 253-259. Weinrich, James D. (1993) ‘The Language of Gay Men's Sexual Behavior: An Addendum.’ The Journal of Sex Research, 30:97-8. Wood, K. M. (1997) ‘Narrative iconicity in electronic mail lesbian coming out stories’, in Livia, A. and Hall, K. (eds) Queerly Phrased. Oxford University Press. Wood, K. M. (1999) ‘Coherent Identities amid Heterosexist Ideologies: Deaf and Hearing Lesbian Coming-Out Stories’ in Bucholtz, M., Liang, A. C. and Sutton, L. Reinventing Identities - The Gendered Self in Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Zeve, Barry. (1993) ‘The Queen's English: Metaphor in Gay Speech.’ English Today 35.9.3:3-9. (30) Tests (educational) Cheshire, J. and Jenkins, N. (1991) ‘Gender issues in the GCSE oral English examination: Part 2’, in Language and Education, 5 (1): 19-40. Harding, J. (1980) ‘Sex differences in performance in science examinations’, in Deem, Rosemary (ed) Schooling for Women’s Work. London: Routledge Kegan Paul. Hellekant, J. (1994) ‘Are multiple choice tests unfair to girls?’ System, 22 (3): 349-52. Jenkins, N. and Cheshire, J. (1990) ‘Gender issues in the GCSE oral English examination: Part 1’, in Language and Education, 4 (4): 261-91. Sunderland, J. (1995) ‘Gender and language testing’, in Language Testing Update, 17: 24-35. Wedman, I. and Stage, C. (1983) ‘The significance of contents for sex differences in test results’, in Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 27 (1): 49-71. (31) Texts (a) General Romaine, S. (1999) ‘Gendered texts’, in Communicating Gender: 211-16. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. (b) Erotic Texts Bolton, R. (1995) ‘Sex talk: bodies and behaviors in gay erotica’, in Leap, William L. (ed) Beyond the Lavender Lexicon: authenticity, imagination and appropriation in lesbian and gay languages. New York: Gordon and Breach Press. Cryle, P. (1990) ‘Enunciation and Ejaculation: Telling the Erotic Climax’, in Style: Vol 24. No.2, Summer 1990. Heywood, J. (1997) ‘“The object of desire is the object of contempt”: representations of masculinity in Straight to Hell Magazine’, in Johnson, S. and Meinhof, U. H. (eds). Hoey, M. (1997) ‘The organisation of narratives of desire: a study of first-person erotic fantasies’, in Harvey, K. and Shalom, C. (eds) Language and Desire. London: Routledge. Lambert, C. (1997) ‘Speaking Its Name: The poetic expression of gay male desire’, in Harvey, K. & Shalom, C. (eds) Language and Desire London: Routledge. Patthey-Chavez, G. & Youmans, M. (1992) ‘The social construction of sexual realities in heterosexual women’s and men’s erotic texts’, in Hall, Bucholtz & Moonwomon (eds.) pp 501-514. Youmans, M. and Patthey-Chavez, G. G. (1993) ‘Action versus Experience: Linguistic Contrasts in Women’s and Men’s Erotic Genres’, Paper presented at the CSWLSA Conference on Women and Language, Columbus, Ohio. (c) Religious Texts Kang, Yoonhee. (2002) ‘‘Open Desire, Close the Body’: Magic Spells, Desire and the Body Among the Petalangan Women in Indonesia.’ In Campbell-Kibler, K. et al (eds). pp 267-288. (d) Medical and Psychiatric Texts Hepworth, Julie and Griffin, Christine (1995) ‘Conflicting opinions? “anorexia nervosa”, medicine and feminism’, in Wilkinson, S. and Kitzinger, C. (eds) Feminism and Discourse: psychological perspectives. London: Sage. Matthews Lovering, Kathryn (1995) ‘The bleeding body: adolescents talk about menstruation’, in Wilkinson, S. and Kitzinger, C. (eds) Feminism and Discourse: psychological perspectives. London: Sage. McNeil, M. (1993) ‘New reproductive technologies: dreams and broken promises’, in Science as Culture, 3 (4 (17)): 483-506. (32) Textbooks (a) General Cincotta, Madeleine Strong (1978) ‘Textbooks and their influence on sex-role stereotype formation’, in Babel: Journal of the Australian Federation of Modern Language Teachers’ Associations, 14: 24-9. Clarricoates, K. (1978) ‘Dinosaurs in the classroom: a re-examination of some aspects of the “hidden curriculum” in primary schools’, in Women’s Studies International Quarterly, 1: 353-64. Faiz, P. A. F. (1993) ‘Sexism in textbooks: categories for an analytic description.’ M.A. dissertation, Lancaster University. Gaff, Robin (1978) ‘Sex stereotyping in modern language teaching - an aspect of the hidden curriculum’, in British Journal of Language Teaching, 20: 71-8. Kingston, A. and Lovelace, T. (1977-8) ‘Sexism and reading: a critical review of the literature’, in Reading Research Quarterly, 13: 133-61. Lopez Valero, Amando (1992) Lenguaje y Discriminación Sexista en los Libros Escolares. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. Myers, K. (1992) Genderwatch: Self-assessment Schedules for Use in Schools Cambridge University Press. Poulou, S. (1994) ‘Sexism in the discourse roles of textbook dialogues.’ M.A. dissertation, Lancaster University. U’ren, M. B. (1971) ‘The image of woman in textbooks’, in Gornick, V. and Moran, B. K. (eds) Woman in Sexist Society: studies in power and powerlessness: 318-28. New York: Basic Books. (b) Grammar Books Bodine, Ann (1998) ‘Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: singular “they”, sex- indefinite “he”, and “he or she”’, in Cameron, D. (ed). Pavlidou, Theodossia-Soula (2002) ‘Language - (grammatical) gender - (social) gender: problems, inquiries and the Greek language’. In Language – (Grammatical)Gender – (Social) Gender, T.-S. Pavlidou (ed.), 13-76. Thessaloniki: Paratiritis. Pavlidou, Theodossia-Soula , Alvanoudi, A. & Karafoti, E. (2004) [in Greek] ‘Grammatical gender and semantic content: preliminary remarks on the lexical representation of the sexes’. Studies in Greek Linguistics 24: 543-553. Stephens, K. (1990) ‘The world of John and Mary Smith: a study of Quirk and Greenbaum’s University Grammar of English’, in CLE Working Papers, 1: 91-107. Sunderland, J. (1986) ‘The grammar book and the invisible woman.’ M.A. dissertation, Lancaster University. Sunderland, J. (1994) ‘Pedagogical and other filters: the representation of sexism in EFL materials’, in Sunderland, J. (ed) Exploring Gender: questions and implications for English language education. Prentice Hall. (c) Language Textbooks Bidwell, Jean S. (1978) ‘Sexism in the foreign-language classroom’, in Freudenstein, R. (ed) The Role of Women in Foreign-language textbooks: a collection of essays. Collection d’ ‘Etudes linguistiques’, 24: 41-47. Ghent, Belgium: Federation International des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes. Cerezal, F and Jimenez, C. (1990) ‘La discriminación génerica en textos de Inglés y Francés en EGB’, in Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 8: 87-98. Clausen, Jeanette, (1982) ‘Textbooks and (in-)equality: a survey of literary readers for elementary and intermediate German’, in Die Unterrichtspraxis, 15: 244-53. Dendrinos, B. (1992) The EFL Textbook and Ideology. Athens: N. C. Grivas Publications. Freudenstein, R. (ed) (1978) ‘The role of women in foreign-language textbooks: a collection of essays’, in Collection d’ ‘Etudes linguistiques’, 24. Ghent, Belgium: Federation International des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes. Galiano Sierra, Isabel (1993) La mujer en los manuales de español para extranjeros. ACTAS del Tercer Congreso Nacional de ASELE. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia. Spain. Garreta, N. and Carega, P. (1987) Modelos Masculino y Femenino en los Textos de EGB. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura. Graci, Joseph P. (1989) ‘Are foreign language textbooks sexist ? An exploration of modes of evaluation’, in Foreign Language Annals, 22 (5): 477-86. Graham, Alma (1975) ‘The making of a nonsexist dictionary’, in Thorne, B. and Henley, N. (eds). Gupta, F. A. and Lee, S. Y. A. (1990) ‘Gender representation in English language textbooks used in Singapore primary schools.’ Language and Education, 4 (1): 29-50. Hartman, P. and Judd, E. (1978) ‘Sexism and TESOL materials.’ TESOL Quarterly, 12 (4): 383-92. Hellinger, Marlis (1980) ‘For men must work, and women must weep: sexism in English language textbooks used in German schools’, in Women’s Studies International Quarterly, 3: 267-75. Jones, M., Kitetu, C. and Sunderland, J. (1997) ‘Discourse roles, gender and language textbook dialogues: who learns what from John and Sally?’ in Gender and Education, 9 (4): 469 – 490. Also in CRILE Working Paper 24 (available from Dept. of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University). Molina Plaza, Silvia (1997) Lengua y Discriminación Génerica en los Libros de ELT. Cuenca: Servicio de Publicaciones de la UCLM. Molina, Silvia (1997-98) ‘El discurso público de las mujeres en los libros de Enseñanza del Inglés’, in CAUCE, Revista de Filología y su Didáctica, 20-21: 899-907. Porreca, Karen L. (1984) ‘Sexism in current ESL textboks’, in TESOL Quarterly, 18: 705-24. Pugsley, Jenny (1992) ‘Sexist language and stereotyping in ELT materials’, in Working Papers on Language, Gender and Sexism, 2 (2). Rees-Parnall, Hillary (1978) ‘Women in the world of Kernel Lessons Intermediate’, in Freudenstein, R. (ed) 119-21. Schmitz, Betty (1975) ‘Sexism in French language textbooks’, in Lafayette, Robert C. (ed) The Cultural Revolution in Foreign Language Teaching: 119-30. Skokie, IL: National Textbook Co. Stern, Rhoda H. (1976) ‘Review article: sexism in foreign language textbooks’, in Foreign Language Annals, 9: 294-99. Sunderland, J. (ed) (1994) Exploring Gender: questions and implications for English Language Education. Prentice Hall. (Quadrant 2). Sunderland, J. (2000) ‘From bias “in the text” to “teacher talk around the text”. An exploration of teacher discourse and gendered foreign language textbook texts.’ Linguistics and Education 11 (3): 251-286. Sunderland, J., Rahim, F. A., Cowley, M., Leontzakou, C. and Shattuck, J. (2002) ‘From representation towards discursive practices: Gender in the foreign language textbook revisited.’ In Litosseliti, L. and Sunderland, J. (eds) Gender identity and discourse analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Willeke, Audrone B. and Sanders, Ruth H. (1978) ‘Walter ist intelligent und Brigitte ist blond: dealing with sex bias in language texts’, in Unterrichtspraxis, 11: 60-5. (33) Travel Guides/Accounts Adler, Michelle (1996) ‘Skirting the edges of civilization: two Victorian women travellers and colonial spaces in South Africa’, in Darian-Smith, K. et al. (eds) Text Theory Space: 83-99. London: Routledge. Chaudhuri, Nupur and Strobel, Margaret Edsa (1992) Western Women and Imperialism: complicity and resistance. Bloomington: Indiana UP. Darian-Smith, Kate (1996) ‘Rescuing Barbara Thompson and other white women: captivity narratives on Australian frontiers’, in Darian-Smith, K. et al. (eds) Text Theory Space: 99-115. London: Routledge. Jayawardena, Kumari (1995) The White Woman’s Other Burden: western women and south Asia during British rule. London: Routledge. Massey, Doreen (1994) Space, Place and Gender. London: Polity. McCabe, S., & Stokoe, E.H. (2004). Place and identity in ‘day visitor’ narratives. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (3), 601-622. Mills S. (1995) ‘Discontinuity and postcolonial discourse’, Ariel, 26 (3): 73-89. Mills, S. (1996) ‘Colonial domestic space’, in Renaissance and Modern Studies, 39: 46- 61. Mills, S. (1998) ‘Gender and colonial space’, in Fhlatuin, Maire (ed) The Legacy of Colonialism: 7-17, Galway: Galway Universty Press. (A different longer version of this is in ‘Gender and colonial space’, in Gender Place and Culture, 3 (2): 125-47.) Mills, S. (1998) ‘Post-colonial feminist theories’, in Jackson, Steve (ed) Contemporary Feminist Theories: 98-113. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P. Morgan, Susan (1996) Place Matters: gendered geography in Victorian women's travel books about South East Asia. New Jersey: Rutgers UP. Procida, M. A. (1996) ‘A tale begun in other days: British travelers in Tibet in the late nineteenth century’, in Journal of Social History, 30 (1): 185-209. (34) TV Programmes (a) Chatshows Bayyurt, Yasemin (1996) ‘The dynamics of Turkish TV talk shows : a pragmatic study of the interaction patterns of the participants of TV talk shows in Turkey’. Ph.D. thesis, Lancaster University. Clarke, Victoria and Kitzinger, Celia (2004) ‘Lesbian and gay parents on talk shows: Resistance or collusion in heterosexism’, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1 (3), 195-217. Livingstone, Sonia and Lunt, Peter (1994) Talk on Television: audience participation and public debate. Routledge. Jariah Mohd., Jan (1999) ‘Malaysian talk shows:a study of power and solidarity in inter- gender verbal interaction.’ Ph.D thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Montgomery, Elizabeth J. (1997) ‘Talk-show performance practices and the display of identity (Jerry Jones Show, Jerry Springer Show, Oprah Winfrey Show).’ Ph.D. thesis, North Western University, USA. Shattuc, Janem (1997) The Talking Cure: TV talk shows and women. New York: Routledge. Tanaka, Noriko. (n.d) ‘Roles in interaction: an analysis of a TV chat show.’ Lancaster Papers in Linguistics, 52. Warnick, B. (1999) ‘Masculinizing the feminine: inviting women on line’, in Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 16 (1): 1-19. (b) Wildlife TV Programmes Crowther, B. and Leith, D. (1995) ‘Feminism, language and the rhetoric of television wildlife programmes’, in Mills, S. (ed). (35) Visual Arts Fraile Murlanch, Isabel (1996) ‘Construction of female images in Film Noir: the case of Fritz Lang’s The Blue Gardenia’. Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies, 16 (1-2): 105-16. Hills, H. (1995) ‘Commonplaces: the woman in the street: text and image in the work of Jenny Holzer and Barbara Kruger’, in Mills, S. (ed). Pearce, Lynne (1994) ‘Pre-Raphaelite painting and the female spectator: sexual/textual positioning in Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s The Beloved’, in Mills, S. (ed). Tasker, Y. (1993). Spectacular bodies: Gender, genre, and the action cinema. London New York: Routledge. Wiemer, A. J. (1994). Foreign L(Anguish), ‘Mother Tongue: Concepts of Language in Contemporary Feminist Science Fiction; Selected Papers from the Eleventh Annual Florida State Univ. Conference on Literature and Film.’ In J. Ruppert (Ed.), Gender: Literary and Cinematic Representation. (pp. 118-31). Gainesville: University Press of Florida.